Norm continuity and related notions for semigroups on Banach spaces (Q1924933)

Let \((T(t))_{t\geq0}\) be a \(C_0\)-semigroup on an arbitrary Banach space \(B\) with \(|T(t)|\leq Me^{-t}\) and \(R(\lambda,A)\) its resolvent. It is shown that the norm continuity of the semigroup is very much related to the relative compactness of \[ \{(T(.)x,\phi):|x|_B\leq1,\;|\phi|_{B^*}\leq1\} \] and \[ \{(R(i.,A)x,\phi):|x|_B\leq1,\;|\phi|_{B^*}\leq1\} \] regarded as subsets of \(L^p(\mathbb{R}^+)\) and \(L^p(\mathbb{R})\). Using this fact we recover a known characterization of norm continuous semigroups for Hilbert spaces in terms of the convergence to zero of the resolvent in vertical lines and we also produce new characterizations of eventually norm continuous and eventually compact semigroups.