On the average difference between two conjugates of an algebraic number (Q1925180)

For an algebraic number \(\alpha\) of degree \(n\) denote by \(\alpha_1=\alpha\), \(\alpha_2, \dots, \alpha_n\) its conjugates and by \(q\) the leading coefficient of its minimal polynomial over \(\mathbb Z\). For \(p>0\) and complex \(\mu\) put \[ S_p (\alpha, \mu) = {1\over n} \sum^n_{i=1} |\alpha_i - \mu |^p \quad \text{and} \quad T_p (\alpha) = {2 \over n(n-1)} \sum_{i<j} |\alpha_i - \alpha_j |^p. \] It has been proved by \textit{I. Schur} [Math. Z. 1, 377--402 (1918; JFM 46.0128.03)] that if in addition \(\alpha\) is totally real then for \(n> n_0 (q, \varepsilon)\) the inequalities \(S_2 (\alpha, \mu) > \sqrt e- \varepsilon\) and \(T_2 (\alpha) > 2 \sqrt e- \varepsilon\) hold. The author obtains an analogous result in the general case and shows that for \(n>n_1 (q,p, \varepsilon)\) one has \(S_p (\alpha, \mu) > {1 \over 2} \sqrt e- \varepsilon\) and if \(p \geq 2\) then for \(n>n_2 (q,p, \varepsilon)\) one has \(T_p (\alpha) > e^{p/4} - \varepsilon\).