On moduli spaces of sheaves on \(K3\) or abelian surfaces (Q1925728)

Up to deformation all known examples of projective irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds can be constructed from moduli spaces of semistable sheaves on \(K3\) or abelian surfaces. A result of \textit{D. B. Kaledin, M. Lehn} and \textit{C. Sorger} [Invent.\ Math.\ 164, No.\ 3, 591--614 (2006; Zbl 1096.14037)] states, roughly speaking, that if stability is considered with respect to a general ample divisor, then the known examples are all one can get. The paper under review investigates moduli spaces of one- and two-dimensional sheaves on projective \(K3\) and abelian surfaces that are semistable with respect to a nongeneral ample divisor. Let \(X\) be a \(K3\) or abelian surface, consider a Mukai vector \(v \in \mathbb{N}_0\oplus \text{NS}(X)\oplus \mathbb{Z}\), an ample divisor \(H\) and the moduli space \(M_H(v)\) of \(H\)-semistable sheaves with Mukai vector \(v\). It is well-known that the ample cone admits a wall and chamber structure and we call an ample divisor \(v\)-general if it does not lie on a wall. The first main result of the paper under review roughly states that if \(v=(0,v_1,v_2)\) with \(v_1\neq 0\) and \(v_2\neq 0\), \(v^2\geq 0\), \(H\) is an ample divisor and there exists an \(H\)-stable sheaf with Mukai vector \(v\), then either the closure of the moduli space of \(H\)-stable sheaves with Mukai vector \(v\) does not admit a smooth symplectic resolution or if it does and \(H\) is not \(v\)-general, then this resolution is, in fact, a symplectic resolution of a moduli space with respect to a \(v\)-general ample divisor. The second main result concerns the two-dimensional case. For this, the author considers what he calls \((H,A)\)-semistability, a notion relying on two ample divisors \(H\) and \(A\). Again, the result implies that for some choices of numerical invariants no new examples of projective irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds arise from moduli spaces of semistable sheaves of rank two on \(K3\) surfaces. The paper is organised as follows. Section 2 recollects some basic notions, while Section 3 exhibits a decomposition of the irreducible components of \(M_H(v)\) in terms of components with non-empty stable locus of other moduli spaces of sheaves on \(X\). In Section 4 the first main result is proved, while Section 5 deals with the two-dimensional case. The author investigates the existence of \((H,A)\)-stable sheaves in Section 6. Finally, in the appendix the notion of (semi-)stability of sheaves on a projective scheme with respect to a pair of ample divisors is introduced and the corresponding moduli space is constructed.