Functional inequalities and subordination: Stability of Nash and Poincaré inequalities (Q1925747)

Let \(\left(T_t\right)\) be a \(C_0\)-contraction semigroup of operators on a Banach space \(B\) with infinitesimal generator \((A, D(A))\). Let \((\mu_t)\subseteq M^1(\mathbb{R}_+)\) be a continuous convolution semigroup (a `subordinator semigroup') with corresponding Bernstein function \(f\). Let \((T_t^f)\) denote the subordinated semigroup \(T_t^f = \int_{\mathbb{R}_+} T_s \, d\mu_t(s)\), the generator is denoted by \((f(A), D(f(A))\supseteq D(A))\). In the paper under review, the authors concentrate on \(B=L^2(X,m) =: L^2\) for a \(\sigma\)-finite measure space \((X,m)\) and assume throughout that the operators \(T_t\) extend as contractions to \(L^1(X,m)\). Generalizing Nash-type inequalities for fractional powers of symmetric operator semigroups [\textit{A. Bendikov} and \textit{P. Malheux}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 359, No. 7, 3085--3097 (2007; Zbl 1122.47014)], the authors prove analogous results for general subordinators and for the symmetric and non-symmetric case separately (Theorems 1 and 3). E.g., for the non-symmetric case, it is proved that if, for some increasing function \(B: \mathbb{R}_+\to\mathbb{R}_+\), there exists a Nash-type inequality \(||u||_2^2\cdot B(||u||_2^2) \leq \mathrm{Re} \langle Au, u\rangle \) for \(u\in D(A)\cap L^1\), \(||u||_1=1\), then it follows that \(||u||_2^2/4 \cdot f(2 B(||u||_2^2/2)) \leq \mathrm{Re}\langle f(A)u,u\rangle \), \(u\in D(f(A))\), \(||u||_1 =1\). The proofs rely on tricky estimates for real functions, in particular, Bernstein functions, which are interesting in their own right. The results are applied to analyze, e.g., upper Poincaré and weak Poincaré inequalities as well as ultracontractivity of subordinated semigroups \((T_t^f)\).