Higher order Riesz transforms for Laguerre expansions (Q1928893)

The authors investigate the higher-order Riesz transforms \(R^{(k)}_\alpha\), \(\alpha>-1\), \(k\geq1\), in the framework of one-dimensional Laguerre expansions of Hermite type. Formally, \(R^{(k)}_\alpha\) are given by \(R^{(k)}_\alpha=\delta^{(k)}_\alpha L^{-1/2}_\alpha\), where \[ L_\alpha=\frac12\Big(-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+x^2+\frac1{x^2}(\alpha^2-1/4)\Big) \] is the Laguerre differential operator and \(\delta_\alpha=\frac d{dx}+x-\frac{\alpha+1/2}x\) is the associated `derivative'. The main result of the paper, Theorem 1.1, says that \(R^{(k)}_\alpha\) is a principal value operator, modulo the identity operator multiplied by a constant when \(k\) is even. Consequently, the boundedness of \(R^{(k)}_\alpha\) in \(L^p((0,\infty), x^\delta dx)\), \(1 < p < \infty\), follows with \(\delta\) in a range much larger than the \(A_p\) range \((-1, p-1)\). The main idea of the proof consists in comparing \(W_{t}^\alpha (x, y)\), the heat kernel corresponding to \(\exp(-tL_\alpha)\), with the heat kernel \(W_t(x, y)\) corresponding to \(\exp(-tH)\), where \(H = \frac12 (- \frac{d^2}{dx^2} + x^2)\) is the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator (Hermite operator). This results in a relation between the Riesz kernels \(R^{(k)}_\alpha (x, y)\) and \(R^{(k)}(x, y)\) corresponding to the Laguerre and Hermite settings; the relation is included in Proposition 3.3. In some sense, Theorem 1.1 of the reviewed paper complements Theorem 3.4 in [\textit{A. Nowak} and \textit{K. Stempak}, J. Funct. Anal. 244, No. 2, 399--443 (2007; Zbl 1147.42005)] concerning the first-order Riesz transform in the one-dimensional setting (in general, Riesz transforms were investigated there in the setting of multi-dimensional Laguerre expansions of Hermite type with type parameter \(\alpha\in[-1/2,\infty)^d\)). Also, Theorem 1.1 complements the results following Theorem 3.8 in [\textit{A. Nowak} and \textit{K. Stempak}, Adv. Math. 215, No. 2, 642--678 (2007; Zbl 1166.42016)] concerning the higher-order Riesz transforms in the setting of multi-dimensional Laguerre expansions of Hermite type and specified to the one-dimensional setting.