Determinant line bundles on moduli spaces of pure sheaves on rational surfaces and strange duality (Q1932245)

Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective surface, \(H\) an ample divisor on \(X\). Let \(u\) be a class in the Grothendieck group \(\mathrm{K}(X)\) of coherent sheaves on \(X\), \(M^H_X(u)\) the moduli space of Gieseker \(H\)-semistable pure sheaves on \(X\) of class \(u\). Consider the bilinear form in \(K\)-theory \[ (u,c)\mapsto\chi(u\otimes c)~\text{for}~u,c\in\mathrm{K}(X), \] where \(\chi\) is the holomorphic Euler characteristic. Let \(u^{\bot}\subseteq\mathrm{K}(X)\) consist of the classes orthogonal to \(u\) relative to this form, i.e. \(u^{\bot}:=\{c\in\mathrm{K}(X)\mid \chi(u\otimes c)=0\}\). Then there is a group homomorphism \[ \theta:u^{\bot}\rightarrow\mathrm{Pic}(M^H_X(u)),~c\mapsto\lambda_c, \] where \(\lambda_c\) is a well-defined so-called determinant line bundle on \(M^H_X(u)\) obtained by descending a line bundle on the Quot scheme. Consider two classes \(u\) and \(c\) in \(\mathrm{K}(X)\) with \(\chi(u\otimes c)=0\). Suppose further that the locus \(D_{\lambda}:=\{([E],[F])\in M^H_X(u)\times M^H_X(c)\mid h^0(E\otimes F)=0\}\) gives rise to a divisor of the line bundle \(\lambda_c\boxtimes\lambda_u\) on \(M^H_X(u)\times M^H_X(c)\). Then we obtain a morphism \(D\) well defined up to scalars, \[ D:H^0(M^H_X(u),\lambda_c)^{\vee}\rightarrow H^0(M^H_X(c),\lambda_u). \] The strange duality conjecture for surfaces asserts that the map \(D\) is an isomorphism, which was first studied by Le Potier. While the affirmative answers for strange duality conjecture are only known for few special cases so far. There is another version of strange duality to investigate whether the following equality \(h^0(M^H_X(u),\lambda_c)=h^0(M^H_X(c),\lambda_u)\) holds? In the paper under review, the author mainly studies a series determinant line bundles \(\lambda_{c^r_n}\) on moduli spaces \(M^H_X(u)\), where \(u=(0,L,\chi(u)=0)\) and \(c^r_n=r[\mathcal{O}_X]-n[\mathcal{O}_{pt}]\). The author computes the generating function \[ Z^r(t)=\sum_{n\geq 0}h^0(M^H_X(u),\lambda_{c^r_n})t^n \] by studying the natural morphism \(\pi:M^H_X(u)\rightarrow|L|\) which sends \([F]\) to its schematic support. Let \(g_L\) be the arithmetic genus of curves in \(L\). The author obtains the generating functions in the following three cases. For any smooth projective surface \(X\) and \(g_L\leq 0\), the author obtains \(Z^r(t)\) for all \(r\). For \(X=\mathbb{P}^2\) or \(\mathbb{P}(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}\oplus\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(-e))\) with \(e=0,1\), the author obtains \(Z^1(t)\) for \(g_L>0\) and \(Z^r(t)\) for all \(r\) and \(g_L=1,2\). As a consequence, the author provides a numerical check to strange duality conjecture in some specified situation. Furthermore, the author proves some properties of moduli space \(M^H_X(u)\) and gets a corollary in the theory of compactified Jacobian of integral curves.