On the Bohnenblust-Hille inequality and a variant of Littlewood's 4/3 inequality (Q1932409)

In [Q.~J.\ Math., Oxf.\ Ser.\ 1, 164--174 (1930; JFM 56.0335.01)], \textit{J. E. Littlewood} showed that, for \(\mathbb K\) equal to \(\mathbb R\) or \(\mathbb C\), there is a positive constant \(L_{\mathbb K}\) such that \[ \left(\sum_{i,j=1}^N|U(e_{i},e_{j})|^{{4/3}}\right)^{3/4}\leq L_{\mathbb K} \sup_{|z_j|<1}|U(z_1,z_2)| \] for every positive integer \(N\) and for every bilinear mapping \(U: {\ell^N_\infty}\times {\ell^N_\infty}\to {\mathbb C}\), where \((e_i)_{i=1}^N\) denotes the canonical basis for \({\ell^N_\infty}\). In this paper, the authors consider Littlewood's inequality where \(4/3\) is replaced with \(r\geq 4/3\). They show that, for real spaces, the optimal constant \(L_{\mathbb R,r}\) so that \[ \left(\sum_{i,j=1}^N|U(e_{i},e_{j})|^{r}\right)^{1/r}\leq L_{{\mathbb R},r} \sup_{|z_j|<1}|U(z_1,z_2)| \] for every bilinear \(U: {\ell^N_\infty}\times {\ell^N_\infty}\to {\mathbb R}\) and \(N\in {\mathbb N}\) is \(L_{{\mathbb R},r}=2^{{2-r}\over r}\) if \(4/3\leq r<2\), while \(L_ {{\mathbb R},r}=1\) if \(r\geq 2\). In the complex case, it is shown that \(L_{{\mathbb C},r} \leq \left({2\over \sqrt{\pi}}\right)^{{4-2r}\over r}\) for \(4/3\leq r<2\) and \(L_ {{\mathbb C},r}=1\) for \(r\geq 2\). The key to finding these bounds is the replacement of Rademacher functions in previous estimates for the Bohnenblust-Hille inequality with Steinhaus random variables.