The graded Grothendieck group and the classification of Leavitt path algebras. (Q1934303)

This paper exploits the possibilities of \(K\)-theory applied to Leavitt path algebras. The main motivation for these ideas seems to be Elliot's work on AF \(C^*\)-algebras, following these results, \(K_0\) as a pointed pre-ordered group classifies the AF \(C^*\)-algebras. This paper works with the pointed pre-order \textsl{graded} Grothendieck group \(K_0^{\text{gr}}\). If \(A=\bigoplus_\gamma A_\gamma\) is a \(\Gamma\)-graded algebra (\(\Gamma\) an Abelian group) and \(M=\bigoplus_\gamma M_\gamma\) a \(\Gamma\)-graded module, then for any \(\alpha\in\Gamma\) one can define \(M(\alpha):=\bigoplus_\gamma M_{\alpha+\gamma}\). We can consider the suspension (endo)functor \(\mathcal T_\alpha\) of the category of graded \(A\)-modules such that \(\mathcal T_\alpha\colon M\mapsto M(\alpha)\). This functor can be restricted to the category of graded finitely generated projective \(A\)-modules. Denote by \(\mathcal V^{\text{gr}}(A)\) the monoid of isomorphism classes of graded finitely generated projective modules over \(A\). The Abelian group \(\Gamma\) acts on \(\mathcal V^{\text{gr}}(A)\) via the map \((\alpha,[P])\mapsto [P(\alpha)]\) where \(\alpha\in\Gamma\) and \([P]\in\mathcal V^{\text{gr}}(A)\). This endows \(\mathcal V^{\text{gr}}\) with a \(\mathbb Z[\Gamma]\)-module structure (\(\mathbb Z[\Gamma]\) being the group ring). Denote then by \(K_0^{\text{gr}}(A)\) the group completion of \(\mathcal V^{\text{gr}}(A)\) which inevitably inherits a \(\mathbb Z[\Gamma]\)-module structure. When the grading group \(\Gamma\) is \(\mathbb Z\) then \(K_0^{\text{gr}}(A)\) is a \(\mathbb Z[x,x^{-1}]\)-module (this is the case of Leavitt path algebras). Elliott proved that for two ultramatricial algebras \(R\) and \(S\), if \(\varphi\colon K_0(R)\to K_0(S)\) is an isomorphism such that \(\varphi([R])=[S]\) and \(\varphi\), \(\varphi^{-1}\) are order preserving, then \(R\) and \(S\) are isomorphic. Replacing \(K_0\) by \(K_0^{\text{gr}}\) the author of this paper proves that a similar statement holds for the class of Leavitt path algebras arising from acyclic, multi-headed comets and multi-headed rose graphs or a mixture of these (called a polycephaly graph). In the context of this work, the isomorphisms between \(K_0^{\text{gr}}\) are considered as ordered, preserving the \(\mathbb Z[x,x^{-1}]\)-module structure. More precisely if \(E\) and \(F\) are polycephaly graphs, then \(L_K(E)\cong_{\text{gr}}L_K(F)\) if and only if \((K_0^{\text{gr}}(L_k(E)),[L_K(E)])\cong (K_0^{\text{gr}}(L_k(F)),[L_K(F)])\) (an order-preserving isomorphism of \(\mathbb Z[x,x^{-1}]\)-modules). For finite-graphs with no sinks, it is proved the equivalence of the following assertions: (i) \(K_0^{\text{gr}}(L_K(E))\cong K_0^{\text{gr}}(L_K(F))\) as partially ordered sets. (ii) \(L(E)\) is gr-Morita equivalent to \(L(F)\). (iii) \(L(E)_0\) is Morita equivalent to \(L(F)_0\). The paper includes some results on an exact sequence relating \(K_0^{\text{gr}}\) and \(K_0\) of Leavitt path algebras. It also contains explicit computations of \(K_0^{\text{gr}}\) for some classes of Leavitt path algebras.