Fibers of the Baum-Bott map for foliations of degree two on \(\mathbb P^2\) (Q1935327)

The paper under review regards singular holomorphic foliations \(\mathcal F\) on the complex projective plane \(\mathbb P^2\). Roughly speaking, the Baum-Bott map associates to a foliation the Baum-Bott indexes of its singularities. See also [\textit{A. Lins Neto} et al., Compos. Math. 142, No. 6, 1549--1586 (2006; Zbl 1109.37041)]. The author studies the fibers of the Baum-Bott map in the space of foliations of degree two on \(\mathbb P^2\). In detail, the set of singular holomorphic foliations \(\{\mathcal F\}\) of degree \(d\) and having only non-degenerate singularities is denoted by \(\mathbb F\mathrm{ol}_{nd}(d,2)\). It is an open Zariski subset of the complex projective space, comprised by all the singular holomorphic foliations of degree \(d\). A foliation \(\mathcal F\) in \(\mathbb F\mathrm{ol}_{nd}(d,2)\) has \(d^2+d+1:=N(d)\) isolated singularities. Hence, the \textit{Baum-Bott} map is \[ \mathcal{BB}_d:\mathbb F\mathrm{ol}_{nd}(d,2) \longrightarrow\mathbb C^{N(d)}/S_{N(d)} \] \[ \mathcal F\longmapsto\mathcal{BB}_d(\mathcal F)= [BB(\mathcal F,p_1),\dots, BB(\mathcal F,p_{N(d)})], \] where the singular points of \(\mathcal F\) are \(\{p_1,\dots,p_{N(d)}\}\subset\mathbb P^2\) and \([\dots]\) means the class under \(S_{N(d)}\), the group of permutations of order \(N(d)\). Given \(\mathcal F\) the author denotes its fiber \(\mathcal{BB}_d^{-1}(\mathcal{BB}_d(\mathcal F))\) by \(F_d(\mathcal F)\). Furthermore, the group of holomorphic automorphisms of \(\mathbb P^2\) determines a natural action \(\Psi\), given by \[ (T,\mathcal F) \in\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb P^2)\times \mathbb F\mathrm{ol}_{nd}(d,2) \mapsto{\Psi} T^\ast(\mathcal F)\in \mathbb F\mathrm{ol}_{nd}(d,2), \] leaving invariant the Baum-Bott indexes. In particular, when \(d=2\), the dimension of the generic fiber of \(\mathcal{BB}_2\) is \(8\), coinciding with \(\dim_{\mathbb C}(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb P^2))\). Whence the generic fiber is a finite union of \(\Psi\)-orbits. The main result is as follows: The generic fiber \(F_d (\mathcal F)\) of \(\mathcal{BB}_2\) contains exactly 240 \(\Psi\)-orbits. The paper explores very interesting examples and provides related problems.