Hardy-Carleson measures and their dual Poisson-Szegő transforms (Q1935423)

This paper reformulates classical results on Carleson measures for the Hardy spaces in the unit ball in terms of the Poisson-Szegő balayage of the measure. The results are inspired by their analogues for Bergman spaces, where the role of the Poisson-Szegő transform is played by the Berezin transform [\textit{B. R. Choe, H. Koo} and \textit{M. Stessin}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 137, No. 12, 4143--4155 (2009; Zbl 1217.32001)]). Let \(H^p(B)\), \(0<p<\infty\), be the Hardy space of holomorphic functions in the unit ball \(B\) of \(\mathbb C^n\) such that \[ \|f\|_{H^p}^p:=\sup_{0<r<1} \int_{S} |f(r\xi)|^p d\sigma (\xi)<\infty, \] where \( S\) denotes the unit sphere. A finite positive measure \(\mu\) on \(B\) is Carleson whenever \(H^p(B)\subset L^p(\mu)\), or equivalently \(\int_{B} |f|^p d\mu\leq C\|f\|_{H^p}^p\) for all \(f\in H^p(B)\). A classical characterisation is that \(\mu\) is Carleson if and only if its Poisson-Szegő transform \(P\mu\) is in \(L^\infty(B)\) (see for instance Theorem 5.4 in [\textit{K. Zhu}, Spaces of holomorphic functions in the unit ball. Graduate Texts in Mathematics 226. New York, NY: Springer (2005; Zbl 1067.32005)]). Here \[ P\mu(z)=\int_{S} P(z,w)\, d\mu(w),\quad z\in B, \] and \[ P(z,w)=\left(\frac{1-|z|^2}{|1-<z,w>|^2}\right)^n, \quad z\in B, \quad w\in\overline{B}, \] is the Poisson-Szegő kernel. The main result of the paper is a reformulation of this condition in terms of the so-called dual Poisson-Szegő transform (or Poisson-Szegő balayage) \[ P^*\mu(z)=\int_{S} P(w,z)\, d\mu(w),\quad z\in\overline{B}. \] Letting \[ PP^*\mu=P[P^*\mu_{|S}]\quad\text{and}\quad d\tilde\mu(z)=\frac{\tilde\Delta P^*\mu(z)}{1-|z|^2}dV(z), \] where \(\tilde\Delta\) denotes the invariant Laplacian, it is shown that the following three conditions are equivalent (Theorem 1.1): (a) \(\mu\) is a Carleson measure; (b) \(PP^*\mu-P^*\mu\in L^\infty(B)\); (c) \(\tilde\mu\) is a Carleson measure. The corresponding result for vanishing Carleson measures is also proved. The main ingredients in the proof, which is given in full detail, are Green's formula for the invariant Laplacian and an explicit computation of \(\tilde\Delta P^*\mu\) (Lemma 3.3). A final section discusses the possibility of characterising Carleson measures in terms of BMO conditions on \(P^*\mu\).