Postulation of general quintuple fat point schemes in \(\mathbb P^3\) (Q1938533)

Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic \(0\), \(n\in N\) and \(\mathbb{P}^n = \mathbb{P}^n(K)\). In this paper the authors study the postulation of general fat point schemes of \(\mathbb{P}^3\) with multiplicity up to \(5\). A fat point \(mP\) is a zero dimensional subscheme of \(\mathbb{P}^3\) supported on a point \(P.\) A general fat point scheme \(Y = m_1P_1+\dots+m_kP_k\), with \(m_1,\dots, m_k\) is a general zero-dimensional scheme such that its support \(Y_{\mathrm{red}}\) is a union of \(k\) points and for each \(i\) the connected component of \(Y\) supported on \(P_i\) is the fat point \(m_iP_i\). Studying the postulation of \(Y\) means to compute the dimension of the space of hypersurfaces of any degree containing the scheme \(Y.\) In other words this problem is equivalent to computing the dimension \(\delta\) of the space of homogeneous polynomials of any degree vanishing at each point \(P_i\) and with all their derivatives, up to multiplicity \(m_i- 1\), vanishing at \(P_i\). \(Y\) has good postulation if \(\delta\) is the expected dimension, that is, either the difference between the dimension of the polynomial space and the number of imposed conditions or just the dimension of the polynomial space (when \(\delta\) would exceed it). In this paper, they focus on the case of general fat point schemes \(Y\subset \mathbb{P}^3\). In this case a general conjecture which characterizes all the general fat point schemes not having good postulation was proposed by Laface and Ugaglia. The good postulation of general fat point schemes of multiplicity \(4\) was proved for degrees \(d\geq 41\) by the first two authors. Then Dumnicki showed how to check the cases with degree \(9\leq d \leq 40\). The authors, here, prove that if \(Y\subset \mathbb{P}^3\) is a general union of \(w\) \(5\)-points, \(x\) \(4\)-points, \(y\) \(3\)-points and \(z\) \(2\)-points with fixed non- negative integers \(d,w, x, y, z\) such that \(d\geq 11\), then \(Y\) has good postulation with respect to degree-\(d\) forms. They also classify the exceptions in degree \(9\) and \(10\).