The Abhyankar-Jung theorem (Q1939321)

Let \(P(Z)=Z^d+a_1(X)z^{d-1}+\cdots +a_d(X)\) be a unitary polynomial in \(Z\) with coefficients with \(X=(X_1,\ldots,X_n)\), in the power series ring over an algebraically closed field \(K\) of characteristic zero. The polynomial is called \textit{quasi-ordinary} if its discriminant \(\Delta_P(X)=X_1^{\alpha_1}\cdots X_n^{\alpha_n}U(X)\) where \(\alpha_i\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(U\) is a unit. As usual, the polynomial is Weierstrass if \(a_i(0)=0\) for all \(i\). The authors prove that if \(P\) as above is a quasi-ordinary Weierstrass polynomial with \(a_1=0\) (an innocuous assumption, by completing squares trick), then the ideal generated by \(a_i^{d!/i}(X), i=2,\ldots,d\) is a monomial ideal generated by one of the above generators. This is essentially the content of a theorem of \textit{I. Luengo} [J. Algebra 85, 399--409 (1983; Zbl 0528.13019)], which the authors claim had an incomplete proof. An immediate consequence is the celebrated theorem of \textit{S. Abhyankar} [Am. J. Math. 77, 575--592 (1955; Zbl 0064.27501)] and \textit{H. W. E. Jung} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 184, 161--174 (1942; Zbl 0027.08503; JFM 68.0382.01)] which states that in the above situation, if \(\Delta_P=X_1^{\alpha_1}\cdots X_r^{\alpha_r}U(X)\) with \(r\leq n\), then for suitable \(q\in\mathbb{N}\), \(P(Z)\) has all its roots in \(K[[X_1^{1/q},\ldots,X_r^{1/q},X_{r+1},\ldots,X_n]]\). Unlike many of the earlier results in this direction, the authors do not use the Weierstrass preparation theorem, but only the implicit function theorem. This allows them to prove similar results for Henselian subrings of power series rings.