Palindromic matrices of order two and three-point subdivision schemes (Q1939502)

A subdivision scheme associated to a \(5\times 3\) matrix computes, for every three consecutive points in a refinement \(f_n\), five values of the next refinement \(f_{n+1}\), by multiplication of the initial three values by a constant \(5\times 3\) matrix. Two natural additional conditions are to ask for symmetry and affinity of such subdivision schemes. If one considers the sequence \(g_n = \Delta f_n\), where \(\Delta\) is the forward difference operator, then the sequence of refinements \(g_n\) can be computed thanks to an associated \(4\times 2\) matrix, or equivalently, to a pair \((A,B)\) of \(2\times 2\) matrices. The symmetry of the initial scheme implies that the pair of matrices is palindromic: if the entries of the \(2\times 2\) matrix \(A\) are \(a,b,c,d\), with their usual order, then the entries of \(B\) are \(d,c,b,a\). Moreover, the values of the successive refinements \(g_n\) are computed by multiplication of the initial two values of \(g_0\) by all the matrices of the kind \(A_1A_2\dots A_n\) where \(A_i\in\{A,B\}\), this is, all the possible products of \(n\) factors chosen from \(\{A,B\}\). Thus, the \(C^0\) convergence of the subdivision scheme is related to the joint spectral radius of the associated pair of palindromic matrices which has been computed by \textit{B. Mössner} [Adv. Comput. Math. 33, No. 2, 243--254 (2010; Zbl 1197.15007)]. In that paper, an application of the joint spectral radius formula on a subdivision scheme was already given. Nevertheless, using this result and a criterion proved by \textit{M. D. Buhmann} and \textit{C. A. Micchelli} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 69, 428--448 (1994; Zbl 0802.65003)], the first main result in the paper under review is to characterize, by means of a simple set of inequalities, the values of the entries in the \(5\times 3\) matrix defining the subdivision scheme for which it is \(C^0\) convergent. Next, the author studies the Hölder regularity of the limit functions of the previous \(C^0\) convergent subdivision schemes and it is shown that the Hölder exponent in the regular case is sharp for most limit functions, whereas in the singular case, the modulus of continuity of the limit functions is determined. Finally, these results are used to study the \(C^1\) convergence of the Merrien family of Hermite subdivision schemes [\textit{J. L. Merrien}, Numer. Algorithms 2, No. 2, 187--200 (1992; Zbl 0754.65011)] because they are a particular case of the subdivision schemes defined by a pair of palindromic matrices. A clearly written nice paper.