Pattern formation driven by cross-diffusion in a 2D domain (Q1940180)

The aim of the article is to study the pattern formation in the reaction-diffusion system, describing the dynamics of two competitive species of densities \(u(x,t)\) and \(v(x,t)\) 2-dimensional domain \(\Omega=[0, L_{x}]\times[0, L_{y}]\) described by the system \[ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=\nabla\cdot J_{1}+\Gamma u(\mu_{1}-\gamma_{11}u-\gamma_{12}v), \] \[ \frac{\partial v}{\partial t}=\nabla\cdot J_{2}+\Gamma v(\mu_{2}-\gamma_{21}u-\gamma_{22}v), \] where \(J_{1}=\nabla (u(c_{1}+a_{1}u+bv))\) \(J_{2}=\nabla (v(c_{2}+a_{2}v+b_{2}u))\) with Neumann boundary condition \((n,J_{k})=0,\,\,\,x\in\partial\Omega,\) \(\gamma_{ij}\geq 0\) are competitive interaction coefficients, \(\mu_{i}\) the rates of populations growth, \(a_{i},\) \(c_{i}\) are self-diffusion and linear diffusion coefficients, \(b,\) \(b_{2}\) the cross-diffusion coefficients (responsible for the initiation of spatial patterns) and parameter \(\Gamma\) regulates the size of spatial domain. In linear stability analysis bifurcation parameter is introduced, in a weakly nonlinear multiple scales analysis the amplitude and the form of the patterns close to the bifurcation threshold and their stability are studied.