Endomorphisms of polynomial algebras with small co-invariants (Q1940203)

The polynomial algebra \({\mathbb C}[x_1,\dots ,x_n]\) has a Hopf algebra structure induced by the comultiplication \(\Delta(x_i)=x_i\otimes 1+1\otimes x_i\) with counit \(\epsilon(x_i)=0\) and antipode \(S(x_i)=-x_i\). For an endomorphism \(\phi=(\phi(x_1),\dots,\phi(x_n))\) of \({\mathbb C}[x_1,\dots ,x_n]\) \textit{L. Le Bruyn} [Commun. Algebra 25, No. 7, 2211--2226 (1997; Zbl 0895.14002)] defined the coinvariant \(\mathrm{co}(\phi)\) as the dimension of the subcoalgebra of \({\mathbb C}[x_1,\dots ,x_n]\) generated by \(\phi(x_1),\dots,\phi(x_n)\). He proved that in the minimal case \(\mathrm{co}(\phi)=n+1\) the invertibility of the Jacobian matrix \(J(\phi)\) implies that \(\phi\) is a tame automorphism (i.e., is a composition of affine and triangular automorphisms). In the paper under review the author extends this result in two directions: If \(J(\phi)\in{\mathbb C}^{\ast}\), then \(\phi\) is a tame automorphism if (i) \(\mathrm{co}(\phi)=n+2\) or (ii) \(\phi\) is a quadratic endomorphism and \(\mathrm{co}(\phi)\leq n+5\).