On perfect polynomials over \(\mathbb{F}_p\) with \(p\) irreducible factors (Q1941294)

Summary: We consider, for a fixed odd prime number \(p\), monic polynomials in one variable over the finite field \(\mathbb{F}_p\) which are equal to the sum of their monic divisors. Call them perfect polynomials. We prove that the exponents of each irreducible factor of any perfect polynomial having no root in \(\mathbb{F}_p\) and \(p\) irreducible factors are all less than \(p-1\). We completely characterize those perfect polynomials for which each irreducible factor has degree two and all exponents do not exceed two.