Mathematical theory and numerical methods for Bose-Einstein condensation (Q1941513)

This paper reviews some recent results on mathematical theory and numerical methods for Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE). The authors study the reduction of GPE to lower dimensions, the ground states of BEC including the existence and uniqueness, as well as nonexistence results, and the dynamics of GPE including dynamical laws, well-posedness of the Cauchy problem and the finite time blow-up. To compute the ground state, the gradient flow with the discrete normalization method is reviewed and various full discretization methods are presented and compared. In the final part of the present paper there are compared two used scalings, namely physical scaling and semiclassical scaling, for BEC in strong repulsive interaction regime (Thomas-Fermi regime), and there are discussed semiclassical limits of the GPE. Extensions of these results for one-component BEC are then carried out for rotating BEC by GPE with an angular momentum rotation, dipolar BEC by GPE with long range dipole-dipole interaction, and two-component BEC by coupled GPEs.