Note on the number of restricted sumsets in \(\mathbb Z_p\) (Q1943459)

Let \(A\) be a non-empty subset of \(\mathbb{Z}_p\). Let \(A+A=\{a+b: a,b\in A\}\), and let \(SS(\mathbb{Z}_p)=\{A+A: \emptyset\neq A\subseteq \mathbb{Z}_p\}\). That is, \(SS(\mathbb{Z}_p)\) is the set of all non-empty subsets \(B\subseteq \mathbb{Z}_p\) of the form \(A+A\). \textit{B. Green} and \textit{I. Z. Ruzsa} [Stud. Sci. Math. Hung. 41, No. 3, 285--293 (2004; Zbl 1064.11020)] proved that \(|SS(\mathbb{Z}_p)|=2^{p/3+o(p)}\). Recently, \textit{N. Alon} et al. [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 42, No. 5, 784--794 (2010; Zbl 1223.11028)] showed that there exist \(2^{p/2+o(p)}\) distinct sumsets \(A+B\) in \(\mathbb{Z}_p\), where \(|A|, |B|\rightarrow \infty\) as \(p\rightarrow \infty\). In fact, Green and Ruzsa gave a more explicit upper bound for \(|SS(\mathbb{Z}_p)|\): \[ |SS(\mathbb{Z}_p)|\leq 2^{p/3+O(p(\log \log p)^{2/3}(\log p)^{-1/9})}. \] Motivated by these works, the two authors consider the number of sumsets with linear restrictions in \(\mathbb{Z}_p\). In particular, they give an upper bound for the cardinality of \[ SS_{\mathfrak{U}, \Lambda}(\mathbb{Z}_p)= \{S_{\mathfrak{U}, \Lambda}(A): \emptyset \neq A\subseteq \mathbb{Z}_p\}, \] where \(S_{\mathfrak{U}, \Lambda}(A)=\{\lambda_1 a_1+\lambda_2 a_2+ \cdots +\lambda_k a_k: a_i\in A, \mu_1^{(j)}a_1+\cdots +\mu_k^{(j)}a_k\neq \nu^{(j)} \text{ for } 1\leq j\leq m\},\) \(\mathfrak{U}=\{\mu_1^{(j)},\dots, \mu_k^{(j)}, \nu^{(j)}: 1\leq j\leq m\}\) gives the linear restrictions in \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) and \(\Lambda=(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\dots,\lambda_k)\) gives the coefficients of the \(k\)-sums in \(A\).