Analytic integrable systems: analytic normalization and embedding flows (Q1943483)

The author studies the analytic integrability for: (i) analytic diffeomorphisms \(F(x)=Bx+f(x)\), (ii) analytic differential systems \(\dot{x}=Ax+f(x)\). Here, \(x \in \mathbb{C}^n\); \(f(x)=O(|x|^2)\) is an analytic vector-function, defined in some neighborhood of \(0 \in \mathbb{C}^n\); \(B\) and \(A\) are \(n \times n\) constant matrices. The analytic integrability means that there exist \(n-1\) functionally independent first integrals. Two main theorems have been proved. Theorem 1. Let the matrix \(B\) have the eigenvalues \((\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_n)\) and the resonant set \[ {\mathcal D} = \big\{ (m_1,\ldots,m_n) \in \mathbb{Z}^n_+: \,\mu_{1}^{m_1}\mu_{2}^{m_2}\ldots \mu_n^{m_{n}}=1, \sum m_j \geq 2\big\}. \] Let at least one \(|\mu_j| \not= 1\). Then, \(F(x)\) is analytic integrable if and only if the following statements hold: (a) the rank of \({\mathcal D}\) equals \(n-1\), (b) \(F(x)\) is conjugate to its normal form of type \(G(y)=\big( \mu_1(1+p_{1}(y)), \ldots , \mu_n(1+p_{n}(y)) \big)\) by an analytic normalization \(y=x+\phi(x)\) with \(\phi(x)\) containing only non-resonant monomials, where all \(p_j(y)\) are analytic and satisfy the equations \((1+p_{1}(y))^{m_{k1}} \ldots (1+p_{n}(y))^{m_{kn}}=1\) for some \(n-1\) linearly independent simple lattices \((m_{k1},\dots,m_{kn}) \in {\mathcal D}\), \(k=1,\dots,n-1\). Theorem 2. Let the matrix \(A\) have the eigenvalues \((\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_n)\) and the resonant set \[ {\mathcal R} = \big\{ (m_1,\ldots,m_n) \in \mathbb{Z}^n_+: \,\sum m_j\lambda_j=0, \sum m_j \geq 2 \big\}. \] Let \(n \geq 2\) and at least one \(\lambda_j \not= 0\). Then \(F(x)\) is analytic integrable if and only if the following statements hold: (a) the rank of \({\mathcal R}\) equals \(n-1\), (b) the system \(\dot{x}=Ax+f(x)\) is analytically equivalent to its normal form \(\dot{y}_i=\lambda_i y_i (1+g_i(y))\), \(i=1,\dots,n\), by an analytic normalization \(y=\Psi(x)\) that contains only non-resonant terms; every \(g_i(y)\) is an analytic and contains only nonconstant but resonant terms.