Landesman-Lazer conditions at half-eigenvalues of the \(p\)-Laplacian (Q1945865)

This paper deals with the two-point boundary value problem associated to a strongly nonlinear differential equation of the form \[ -\phi_p(u')'-a_+\phi_p(u^+)+a_-\phi_p(u^-)-\lambda \phi_p(u) =f(x,u),\quad x\in (0,1), \] where \(\phi_p\) denotes the \(p\)-Laplacian and \[ \lim_{\xi \to \pm \infty}f(x,\xi)=f_{\pm}(x) \] for some \(f_{\pm}\in C([0,1])\). It is assumed that there exists \(K_1>0\) and \(\rho \in [0,1)\) (with \(\rho >2-p\) if \(p \leq 2\) such that \(|\xi^\rho f_{\xi}(x,\xi)|\leq K_1\) for all \(x,\xi\)). It is useful to introduce, for each \(k \geq 0\), the unique solution \((\lambda_{k,\pm},u_k^\pm)\) to the homogeneous equation (i.e. \(f\equiv 0\)) associated to the given one. In the main result (in the case \(\lambda_{k,\min}=\lambda_{k,\max}\)), the following Landesman-Lazer type condition is assumed: \[ (\int_0^1 f_+ u^+_{k,\min} - f_- u^-_{k,\min})(\int_0^1 f_+ u^+_{k,\max} - f_- u^-_{k,\max})>0. \] A similar condition is required in case \(\lambda_{k,\min}<\lambda_{k,\max}\). For \(p>2\), a technical nondegeneracy condition is added. The proof is performed by the shooting method. The interested reader may consult (together with the papers listed in the bibliography), the paper by \textit{P. Drábek} [J. Differ. Equations 85, No. 1, 186--199 (1990; Zbl 0699.34019)], where (for the periodic problem) a combination of the Landesman-Lazer condition with the shooting method is developed.