\(G\)-torsors over a Dedekind scheme (Q1946075)

The author proves the equivalence of three ``points of view'' on the notion of a \(G\)-torsor when the base scheme is a Dedekind scheme. The proof is based on author's generalization of Chevalley's theorem on semi-invariants in [\textit{A. Borel}, Linear algebraic groups. 2nd enlarged ed. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 126. New York etc.: Springer-Verlag. (1991; Zbl 0726.20030)] and a Tannakian description of \(G\)-torsors given [\textit{N. Saavedra Rivano}, in: Catégories Tannakiennes. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 265. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag. (1972; Zbl 0241.14008)] and by \textit{M. V. Nori} [Compos. Math. 33, 29--41 (1976; Zbl 0337.14016)]. This interesting paper includes as an application that the fibered category of \(G\)-torsors on a regular proper curve over a field \(k\) is an Artin stack locally of finite presentation over \(k\). In the introduction, the author fixes notation and presents main results of the paper under review. Let \(X\) be a Dedekind scheme, \(T\) the \(X\)-scheme, \(V\) a vector bundle on \(X\), \(L \subset V\) a locally split line bundle. In this notation let \(\underline{Aut}(V,T)\) be the representable functor whose \(T\)-points are automorphisms \(f\) of \(V\otimes{\mathcal O}_T\) such that \(f(L\otimes {\mathcal O}_T) = L\otimes {\mathcal O}_T \). Let \(V\) be a representation of a flat, affine group scheme \(G\) of finite type over \(X\). Let \(\{X_1, \ldots , X_r \}\) be the (nonempty) connected components of \(X\) and \({\mathbf i}=(i_1, \ldots , i_r)\) a sequence of natural numbers. Let \(\bigwedge^{\mathbf i} V\) be the vector bundle such that \(\bigwedge^i V| X_k = \bigwedge^{i_k} V| X_k \) for \(k = 1, \ldots , r\) and let \( t(V)\) be some finite iteration of the operations \(\otimes, \bigwedge^i, \mathrm{Sym}^j, \bigoplus, (\cdot)^* \). The author calls such an iteration a tensorial construction. Theorem 1.1. Let \(G\) be a flat algebraic group over a Dedekind scheme \(X\). There is a representation \(V\) of \(G\), a tensorian construction \( t(V)\), and a locally split line bundle \(L \subset t(V)\) such that \(G \simeq \underline{Aut}(V,T)\). Theorem 1.2. Let \(G\) and \(X\) be as above. Let \(Y\) be a scheme faithfully flat over \(X\). There is a natural equivalence that is functorial in \(Y\) of the following groupoids: (i) The groupoid of \(G_Y\)-torsors; (ii) The groupoid of tensor functors \(F: {\mathbf{Rep}}\; G \to {\mathbf{Bun}}_Y\), that on each fiber over \(X_{\mathrm{Zar}}\) are faithful and exact. The second section is devoted to the application of Theorem 1.1 to the stack of \(G\)-torsors over a curve. Let \(k\) be a field, let \(GTor_X\) denotes the fibered category that assigns to a \(k\)-scheme \(T\) the groupoid of \(G_{X_T}\)-torsors. Theorem 2.1. The fibered category \(GTor_X\) is an Artin stack, locally of finite presentation over \(k\). In section 3 algebraic groups over Dedekind schemes are dealt with. Here, the author proves Theorem 1.1. The last section treats the Tannakian viewpoint. It begins with a treatment of the category of representations \({\mathbf{Rep}} G \) of a flat algebraic group \(G\) over a Dedekind scheme and for \(X\)-scheme \(Y\) the fibered category \({\mathbf{Bun}}_Y\), where for an object \(U\) in \(X_{\mathrm{Zar}}\), \({\mathbf{Bun}}_Y(U) = \mathbf{Bun}_{Y_U}\) is the category of all finite rank vector bundles on \( Y(U)\). Let \(P \to Y\) be a \(G_Y\)-torsor, \(F_P\) denotes the tensor functor from \({\mathbf{Rep}} G\) to \({\mathbf{Bun}}_Y\), that on each fiber over \(X_{\mathrm{Zar}}\) is faithful and exact (Lemma 4.5). The converse is true. Let \(F: {\mathbf{Rep}} G \to {\mathbf{Bun}}_Y\) be a tensor functor that on each fiber over \(X_{\mathrm{Zar}}\) is faithful and exact. The author shows that there is a natural equivalence \(F \simeq F_P\) for a uniquely defined \(G_Y\)-torsor \(P\). Following Nori and generalizing Nori`s approach to the investigated case the author of the paper under review extends (uniquely) the functor \(F\) to a tensor functor from the fibered category \({\mathbf{Rep}}^` G\) over \(X_{\mathrm{Zar}}\), where for each \(U\) in \(X_{\mathrm{Zar}}\) , \({\mathbf{Rep}}^` G(U) = {\mathbf{Rep}}_{U}^` G\) is the category of flat quasicoherent \({\mathcal O}_U \)-modules to the fibered category \({\mathbf{QCoh}}_Y\), where for each \(U\) in \(X_{\mathrm{Zar}}\), \({\mathbf{QCoh}}_Y(U) = \mathrm{QCoh}_{Y_U}\) is the category of quasicoherent \({\mathcal O}_{Y_U} \)-modules. The main theorem of the section is Theorem 4.8. It`s prove gives Theorem 1.2.