Ambiskew Hopf algebras. (Q1946082)

Let \(R\) be an algebra over a field \(k\), \(X\) and \(Y\) noncommuting variables, \(s\) a \(k\)-algebra automorphism of \(R\), \(h\) a central element of \(R\), and \(p\) a non-zero element of \(k\). An ambiskew polynomial algebra over \(k\) is the \(k\)-algebra \(A\) generated by \(R\), \(X\) and \(Y\) with relations (1) \(Xr=s(r)X\), (2) \(Yr=s^{-1}(r)Y\) and (3) \(XY=h+pYX\), for all \(r\) in \(R\). The name was given by \textit{D. A. Jordan} [J. Algebra 228, No. 1, 311-346 (2000; Zbl 0958.16030)], who had studied them earlier with \textit{I. E. Wells} for \(R\) commutative [Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 39, No. 3, 461-472 (1996; Zbl 0864.16027)]. The paper under review assumes \(R\) is a Hopf algebra with bijective antipode \(S\), and asks when \(A\) is a Hopf algebra with \(X\) and \(Y\) skew-primitive. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given. We describe these conditions, but first indicate the ingredients which go into them. For a Hopf algebra \(H\), \(g\) and \(w\) in \(G(H)\), the group-like elements of \(H\), \(P(g,w)(H)\) denotes the \((g,w)\)-skew-primitives of \(H\), i.e., those \(h\) in \(H\) whose comultiplication is \(h\otimes g+w\otimes h\). If \(c\) is a character of \(H\), the right winding automorphism \((t^r)(c)\) of \(H\) is given by \((t^r)(c)(h)=(h_1)c((h_2))\) (Sweedler notation), and the left winding automorphism \((t^l)(c)\) is given by \((t^l)(c)(h)=c(h_1)h_2\). The left adjoint action of \(y\) on \(H\) is given by \(ad_l(y)(h)=(y_1)hS(y_2)\). Now let \(A\) be the ambiskew polynomial algebra described at the beginning of this review, where \(R\) is a Hopf algebra with bijective antipode. We ask when \(A\) is a Hopf algebra with \(X\) and \(Y\) comultiplying as \(X\otimes 1+a\otimes X\) and \(y\otimes 1+b\otimes Y\), respectively, with \(a\) and \(b\) group-like (one can assume this for \(X\) and \(Y\) skew-primitive by a change of variable). Then the necessary and sufficient conditions require a character \(c\) of \(R\); an element \(z\) in \(G(R)\) and \(Z(R)\), the center of \(R\); an element \(h\) in \(P(1,z)(R)\); elements \(a\) and \(b\) in \(Z(G(R))\) with \(z=ab\) and \(c(a)=c(b)=p\). Finally, letting \(s=(t^l)(c)\), it is required that \(s\) be the composite of \((ad_l)(a)\) and \((t^r)(c)\). The result had been previously obtained when \(R\) is affine commutative and \(k\) is algebraically closed by \textit{J. T. Hartwig} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 212, No. 4, 863-883 (2008; Zbl 1131.16016)]. The authors here show that either \(p=1\) or \(p=-1\) or \(h\) is a scalar multiple of \(z-1\). They examine the special cases where \(R\) is commutative, \(R\) is a polynomial algebra \(k[t]\) and \(R\) is a Laurent polynomial algebra \(k[t, t^{-1}]\). For \(R=k[t, t^{-1}]\), there are several possibilities for \(A\), one of which is the quantized enveloping algebra of \(sl(2,k)\). They also consider \(R=\) the quantized enveloping algebra of \(sl(2,k)\), obtaining some new Hopf algebras \(A\), in some of which \(a\) and \(b\) are not central in \(R\). In the main theorem, when \(k\) has characteristic zero, they describe the coradical filtration of \(A\). In a final section, they consider various properties of \(A\): ring theoretic, homological and Hopf-theoretic. These include primeness, semiprimeness, AS-Gorenstein and AS-regular.