A characterization of Keller maps (Q1946092)

Let \(k\) be a field of characteristic \(0\) and \(\phi \) be a \(k\)-endomorphism of \(k[x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}].\) Let \(F=(\phi (x_{1}),\ldots ,\phi (x_{n})):k^{n}\rightarrow k^{n}\) be the polynomial mapping associated to \( \phi\). If the Jacobian \(\text{Jac}F\) of \(F\) is a constant \(\neq 0\) (i.e., \(\text{Jac}F\in k\setminus \{0\}\)) then we say \(\phi \) satisfies the Jacobian condition. The main result is that \(\phi \) satisfies the Jacobian condition if and only if \(\phi \) maps irreducible polynomials to square-free polynomials. Then the famous Jacobian Conjecture can be reformulated: if \(k\) -endomorphism \(\phi \) of \(k[x_{1},\dots ,x_{n}]\) maps irreducible polynomials to square-free polynomials then \(\phi \) maps irreducible polynomials to irreducible ones (because then, by Bakalarski result, \(\phi \) is an automorphism).