Monoid algebras of projection functors. (Q1946097)

Let \(A\) be a finite dimensional algebra and \(L\) a simple \(A\)-module. A projection functor associated to \(L\) is the endofunctor \(F_L\) of \(A\)-mod given by factoring out the maximal submodule lying in the additive closure of \(L\). If \(L\) does not have self-extensions, this is an idempotent endofunctor and one of the main observations of the present paper is that for two non-isomorphic simple modules \(L\) and \(N\) and under the assumption that \(\mathrm{Ext}^1_A(L,N)=0\) the functors \(F_L\) and \(F_N\) satisfy the relation \(F_L\circ F_N\circ F_L\cong F_N\circ F_L\circ F_N\cong F_N\circ F_L\). This is one of the defining relations for the so-called Hecke-Kiselman monoids introduced by \textit{O. Ganyushkin} and \textit{V. Mazorchuk} [Int. Electron. J. Algebra 10, 174-191 (2011; Zbl 1263.20053)]. The paper studies in detail the monoid of functors generated by projection functors in various special cases, in particular, for path algebras of Dynkin quivers of type \(A\) (for various orientations). In case when the orientation is uniform, it is shown that the corresponding monoid is isomorphic to the Catalan monoid of order-preserving and order decreasing functions on a finite chain. Along the way the author also gives a description for the Gabriel quiver of some Hecke-Kiselman monoids.