Orbit structure and (reversing) symmetries of toral endomorphisms on rational lattices (Q1946309)

Let \(T^d\) be the \(d\) torus and \(L_n=\{x\in T^d\mid nx=0\pmod{1}\}\). The authors consider the action of \(M\in \mathrm{Mat}(d, \mathbb{Z})\) on a lattice \(L_n\), where \(\mathrm{Mat}(d, \mathbb{Z})\) is the ring of toral endomorphisms. For a periodic orbit \(y\) of \(M\), a set of iterates \(O=\{x, f(x),\dots,M^nx=y\}\) is called ``pretail'' if \(y\) is the unique periodic point of \(M\) in \(O\). Periodic orbits together with pretail trees are studied. It is shown that pretail trees give information on the action of \(M\). If \(M\) is non-invertible, there exist non trivial pretails to the periodic orbit. Further, ``the nature of symmetries and reversing symmetries of toral authomorphisms on a given lattice are studied''. The symmetry group of \(M\) is defined by \(S(M)=\{G\in\mathcal{G}\mid GMG^{-1}=M\}\) and the reversing symmetry group by \(R(M)=\{G\in\mathcal{G}\mid GMG^{-1}=M^{\pm1}\}\).