Vanishing theorems on \((\ell | k)\)-strong Kähler manifolds with torsion (Q1946788)

This article is mostly devoted to vanishing theorems in the Dolbeault cohomology of a specific class of Hermitian manifolds, \((\ell|k)\)-strong Kähler manifolds with torsion, which one defines as follows: Consider a Hermitian manifold \((X,g,J,\omega)\), where \(\omega=g(\cdot,J\cdot)\) (opposite to the usual convention), of complex dimension \(n\geq 2\). It is well-known that the 3-form \(H=d^c\omega\), which can be interpreted as the obstruction of \(g\) to be Kähler, is the torsion of the Bismut connexion \(\hat{\nabla}\) (the unique Hermitian connexion with skew-symmetric torsion). Now for \(k\in\{1,\dots, n-1\}\), one says that \(X\) is \(k\)-strong Kähler with torsion, \(k\)-SKT for short, if \(\partial\overline{\partial}\omega^k=0\), or equivalently, \(d(\omega^{k-1}\wedge H)=0\); for \(k=n-1\), one recovers for example the Gauduchon structure on Hermitian manifolds. Given \(k,\ell\), \(1\leq k+\ell\leq n-1\), the \(k\)-SKT condition can then be generalised into the \((\ell|k)\)-strong Kähler with torsion, or \((\ell|k)\)-SKT, condition, which is: \(\omega^{\ell}\wedge \partial\overline{\partial}\omega^k=0\), i.e. \(\omega^{\ell}\wedge d(\omega^{k-1}\wedge H)=0\). This can be specialised to an \((\ell|k)\)-strong Calabi-Yau with torsion, or \((\ell|k)\)-SCYT, condition, by adding the inclusion \(\mathrm{hol}(\hat{\nabla})\subset\mathrm{SU}(n)\) to the \((\ell|k)\)-SKT condition. These different notions are of interest in both mathematics and theoretical physics. The main result of the paper (Theorem 1.1) is the vanishing of the pluri-genera \(p_m(J)=\dim H_{\overline{\partial}}^0(X,K_X^m)\), for all \(m>0\), of a compact \((\ell|k)\)-SKT manifold \((X,\omega,J)\) of dimension \(n>2\), if the following holds: the function \(\hat{b}+\frac{n-k-1}{3(n-2)}\|H\|^2+\frac{2(k-1)}{n-2}\|\theta\|^2\) is globally nonnegative, and positive in at least one point; here \(\theta=\delta\omega\circ J\), and \(\hat{b}\) is the \(\omega\)-trace of the Ricci-form of \(\hat{\nabla}\). As an immediate corollary (Theorem 1.2), the authors deduce from this statement that any compact \((\ell|k)\)-SCYT non Calabi-Yau manifold on which \(\hat{b}\equiv 0\) has vanishing pluri-genera of positive order, hence does not admit non-trivial holomorphic \((n,0)\)-forms. These are extensions of previous results by the authors: they proved the \(k=1\) case of Theorem 1.1 in [Phys. Lett., B 497, No. 3--4, 309--316 (2001; Zbl 0971.83512)], and that of Theorem 1.2 in [Classical Quantum Gravity 18, No. 6, 1089--1110 (2001; Zbl 0990.53078)]. In the present article, they start with addressing the \(k=2\) case, before settling the general \(k>2\) cases of Theorems 1.1 and 1.2. This corresponds to the central two parts of the paper, based on several torsion identities between \(\omega\), \(\theta\), \(H\), and \(\lambda\) (the \(\omega\)-trace of \(dH\)), identities which allow the authors to conclude thanks to [Zbl 0990.53078, Theorem 4.1]. In the final part of the article, the authors also give constructions of SKT structures, for instance on products (Kähler manifold)\(\times\)(Hermitian surface), or on more general fibrations. They give an analogous construction of SCYT structures, using (among others) Kähler-Einstein metrics as ingredients.