Lyapunov-type inequalities for even order differential equations (Q1947871)

The authors prove some new Lyapunov-type inequalities for the \(2n\)-order differential equation \[ x^{(2n)}(t) + (-1)^{n-1}q(t)x(t) = 0, \;t \in [a,b], \tag{1} \] where \(n\) is a natural number and \(q \in L^1 [a,b],\) which are related to the inequality obtained by \textit{P. Hartman} and \textit{A. Wintner} in [Am. J. Math. 73, 885--890 (1951; Zbl 0043.08704)]. More precisely, the first main result is that, if equation (1) has a nontrivial solution \(x(\cdot)\) satisfying the boundary conditions \(x^{(2i)}(a) = x^{(2i)}(b) = 0, \;i = 0,1,\dotsc,n-1\), then \[ \int_a^b |q(t)|(t-a)(b-t) \, dt > \frac{2^{3(n-1)}}{(b-a)^{2n-3}}. \] Next, they show that, if \(n \geq 2\) and equation (1) has a nontrivial solution \(x(\cdot)\) satisfying the boundary conditions \(x^{(2i)}(a) = x^{(2i)}(b) = 0, \;i = 0,1,\dotsc,n-1\), then \[ \int_a^b q^+(t)[(t-a)(b-t)]^2 \, dt > \left ( \frac{32}{45} \right ) ^{(1-\cos n\pi)/4}\frac{2^{(n-2)/2}3^{n-1}5^{(n-2)/2}}{(b-a)^{2n-5}}. \] Finally, an application for an eigenvalue problem is given.