On the \(\partial\overline{\partial}\)-lemma and Bott-Chern cohomology (Q1949231)

Let \(X\) be an \(n\)-dimensional compact complex manifold and \(H^k_{dR}(X)\), \(H^{p,q}_{\overline\partial}(X)\), \(H^{p,q}_{BC}(X)=\text{ker} (\partial \cap \text{ker}\overline\partial)/\text{ im } \partial\overline\partial\), \(H^{p,q}_{A}(X)=\text{ ker}\partial\overline\partial/ \text{ im}(\partial + \overline\partial)\) the cohomology groups defined by de Rham, Dolbeault, Chern-Bott and Aeppli complexes, respectively. It is well known that \(H^{p,q}_{BC}(X)\) and \(H^{n-q,n-p}_A(X)\) are naturally isomorphic. The authors prove for every \(k\in\mathbb N\) the inequality \[ \sum_{p+q=k}(\text{dim}_{\mathbb C}H^{p,q}_{BC}(X)+\text{dim}_{\mathbb C}H^{p,q}_A(X))\geq 2\,\text{dim}_{\mathbb C}H^k_{dR}(X;\mathbb C),\tag{\(*\)} \] and they show that (*) is an equality if and only if the differential operators \(\partial\) and \(\overline\partial\) on \(X\) satisfy the equation \[ \text{ker } \partial\cap\text{ ker } \overline\partial\cap\text{im}(\partial+\overline\partial)=\text{ im }\partial\overline\partial.\tag{\(**\)} \] This result implies in particular that the condition \((**)\) is invariant under small deformations of the complex structure. It is known that \((**)\) is true on compact complex manifolds admitting a proper Kähler modification (class \({\mathcal{C}}\) of Fujiki), see [\textit{P. Deligne, Ph. Griffiths, J. Morgan} and \textit{D. Sullivan}, Invent. Math. 29, 245--274 (1975; Zbl 0312.55011)]. The Iwasawa manifold \(\mathbb I_3\), quotient of the complex Heisenberg group \(\mathbb H(3;\mathbb C)\) by the cocompact subgroup \(\mathbb H(3;\mathbb Z[i])\), gives an example of a complex manifold where the condition \((**)\) does not hold. The authors present a list with the dimensions of the cohomologies of \(\mathbb H(3;\mathbb Z[i])\backslash\mathbb H(3;\mathbb C)\) and its small deformations, computed by \textit{M. Schweitzer} [``Autour de la cohomologie de Bott-Chern'', \url{arXiv:0709.3528}] and \textit{D. Angella} [J. Geom. Anal. 23, No. 3, 1355--1378 (2013; Zbl 1278.32013)], respectively.