The Cauchy problem for the Benjamin-Ono equation in \(L^{2}\) revisited (Q1951728)

The authors study the Benjamin-Ono equation, \[ (1)\quad \left\{\begin{align*}{ &\partial_tu+\mathcal{H}\partial^2_xu=u\partial_x u,\;\; \text{for} \;\;(x,t)\in {\bbfR}\times \bbfR\;\; \text{or}\;\; (x,t)\in {\bbfT}\times {\bbfR} , \cr &u(x,0)=u_0(x),}\end{align*} \right. \] where \(\mathcal{H}\) is the Hilbert transform. The authors give a simpler proof of the global well-posedness in \(L^2\) obtained in [\textit{A. D. Ionescu} and \textit{C.E. Kenig}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 20, No. 3, 753--798 (2007; Zbl 1123.35055)]. The approach which is developped here permits also to get some new unconditional uniqueness results. In particular when \(x\in {\mathbb{R}}\), the authors prove that~(1) is unconditionnally well-posed in \(H^s({\mathbb{R}})\) for \(s>1/4\), and in the case \(x\in {\mathbb{T}}\), they show that~(1) is unconditionnally globally well-posed in \(H^{1/2}({\mathbb{T}})\). The main ingredient of the proof, is a bilinear estimate on the nonlinear term which appears after a gauge transform of the equation.