Neumann problems resonant at zero and infinity (Q1953870)

The authors consider the following semilinear Neumann problem \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta u(z)= f(z, u(z)) & \mathrm{in}\,\, \Omega ,\\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}=0 & \mathrm{on} \,\, \partial \Omega \end{cases} \tag{1} \] where \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^N\) is a bounded domain with a \(C^2\) boundary \(\partial \Omega \), and \(f (z,\zeta ) \) is a measurable function which is \(C^1\) in the \(\zeta \)-variable. Under some assumptions on the reaction term \(f\), they get the result that (1) has at least five nontrivial smooth solutions, four of which have constant sign (two positive and two negative). Their instruments are a combination of methods from critical point theory, together with truncation techniques, the use of upper-lower solutions and of the Morse theory.