Involutive gradings of JBW\(^{*}\)-triple factors (Q1958667)

An involutive grading \((B_+,B_{-})\) of a JBW\(^*\)-triple \(A\) consists of a pair of subtriples of \(A\), with direct sum \(A\), satisfying \[ \{ B_{\sigma_1}, B_{\sigma_2}, B_{\sigma_1}\}, \{ B_{\sigma_1}, B_{\sigma_1}, B_{\sigma_2}\} \subseteq B_{\sigma_2}, \] for every \(\sigma_1,\sigma_2\in \{\pm\}\). Every involutive grading \((B_+,B_{-})\) of \(A\) induces an involutive triple automorphism \(\phi : A\to A\) defined by \(\phi (a_{+} + a_{-}) := a_{+} - a_{-}\) \((a_{+}\in B_{+}, a_{-}\in B_{-})\). Conversely, if \(\phi\) is an involutive triple automorphism on \(A\), defining \(B^{\phi}_{+}: = \{a \in A : \phi (a) = a\}\) and \(B^{\phi}_{-}: = \{a \in A : \phi (a) = -a\}\), the pair \((B^{\phi}_{+} ,B^{\phi}_{-} )\) is an involutive grading of \(A\). The study of involutive gradings of Jordan pairs and Jordan\(^*\)-triples was initiated by \textit{E. Neher} [Commun. Algebra 9, 575--599 (1981; Zbl 0457.17011)], who established a description of such gradings for the case in which the pair or triple was simple, semi-simple, and satisfied both the ascending and descending chain conditions on principal inner ideals. The paper under review carries out a study on the involutive gradings of a JBW\(^*\)-triple factor \(A\). A subspace \(J\) of a JB\(^*\)-triple \(E\) is called an inner ideal when \(\{J, E, J\} \subseteq J\). The kernel Ker\((L)\) of a subspace \(L\) of \(E\) is the set of elements \(a\) in \(E\) satisfying \(\{L, a, L\}= \{0\}\) and the (orthogonal) annihilator \(L^{\perp}\) of \(L\) is the subspace of Ker\((L)\) consisting of all elements \(a\) of \(E\) for which \(\{L, a, E\} = \{0\}\). It is known that every weak\(^*\)-closed inner ideal \(J\) in a JBW\(^*\)-triple \(A\) is complemented in the sense that \(A = J \oplus \text{Ker}( J )\), and a complemented subtriple is a weak\(^*\)-closed inner ideal. Each weak\(^*\)-closed inner ideal \(J\) in \(A\) gives rise to a generalized Peirce decomposition, \[ A = J_0 \oplus J_1 \oplus J_2, \] corresponding to \(J\), where \(J_0 = J^{\perp}\), \(J_1 = \text{Ker}(J ) \cap \text{Ker}(J^{\perp})\), \(J_2 = J\). This decomposition satisfies suitable ``Peirce relations''. When this decomposition satisfies all the classical Peirce rules, the weak\(^*\)-closed inner ideal \(J\) is said to be Peirce. The main result of the paper establishes that, for each involutive grading \((B_+,B_{-})\) of a JBW\(^*\)-triple factor \(A\) with associated involutive triple automorphism \(\phi\), the following statements hold: {\parindent=6.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(a)] When the JBW\(^*\)-subtriple \(B_+\) of \(A\) is not a JBW\(^*\)-triple factor, there exists a nonzero Peirce weak\(^*\)-closed inner ideal \(J\) in \(A\) with Peirce spaces \(J_0, J_1\), and \(J_2\) such that \(B_{+} = J_0 \oplus J_2\), \(B_{-} = J_1\). \item[(b)] When both \(B_+\) and \(B_{-}\) are JBW\(^*\)-triple factors, it is shown that either the situation reduces to that above with \(J_0\) or \(J_2\) equal to zero or, in the case that \(B_+\) (or, by symmetry, \(B_{-}\)) contains a unitary tripotent \(v\), that \(v\) is unitary in \(A\), and \[ B_{+} = H(A_2(v),\phi), B_{-} = S(A_2(v),\phi), \] where \(H(A_2(v),\phi)\) is the JBW\(^*\)-algebra of \(\phi\)-invariant elements in the JBW\(^*\)-algebra \(A_2(v)\), and \(S(A_2(v),\phi)\) is the JBW\(^*\)-triple of \(-\phi\)-invariant elements of \(A_2(v)\). In the special case in which \(A\) is a discrete W\(^*\)-factor, it is shown that such a unitary tripotent always exists in \(B_+\) (or \(B_{-}\)), thereby completing the description of involutive gradings in this case. \end{itemize}}