A Borsuk-type theorem for some classes of perturbed Fredholm maps (Q1958998)

The article deals with modifications of the classical Borsuk antipodes theorem for some classes of perturbed Fredholm maps. More precisely, the authors consider the class of quasi-Fredholm maps and the class of \(\alpha\)-Fredholm maps; it is assumed that the maps from these classes are defined on an open set \(\Omega\) of a Banach space \(E\) and take values in a Banach space \(F\). The first of them is defined as maps of type \(f = g + k\), where \(g\) is a nonlinear Fredholm map of index zero and \(k\) is locally compact; the second class is maps of type \(f = g+k\), where \(g\) is a nonlinear Fredholm map of index zero and \(\alpha(k) < \omega(g)\), and \[ \alpha(k) = \sup \;\bigg\{\frac{\alpha(k(A))}{\alpha(A)}:\;A \subseteq \Omega, \;\alpha(A) > 0\bigg\}, \] \[ \omega(g) = \inf \;\bigg\{\frac{\alpha(g(A))}{\alpha(A)}:\;A \subseteq \Omega, \;\alpha(A) > 0\bigg\}; \] here, \(\alpha(\cdot)\) is the Kuratowski measure of noncompactness. The main result of this article is the oddness of the degree either for a quasi-Fredholm or an \(\alpha\)-Fredholm map \(f = g + k\) on a symmetric (with respect to \(0\)) bounded open set \(\Omega\). (The authors point out that the degree of a quasi-Fredholm map \(f = g + k\) does not depend on the representation \(f = g + k\); however, the degree of an \(\alpha\)-Fredholm map \(f = g + k\) does depend on the representation \(f = g + k\).) At the end of the article, the class of weakly \(\alpha\)-Fredholm maps is also considered.