Representations of residue classes by product of factorials, binomial coefficients and sum of harmonic sums modulo a prime (Q1959069)

The distribution properties of factorials, binomial coefficients and harmonic sums modulo a large prime, were well investigated by \textit{C. Cobeli, M. Vâjâitu} and \textit{A. Zaharescu} [J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. 15, No. 2, 135--154 (2000; Zbl 0962.11005)], by \textit{D. Berend} and \textit{J. E. Harmse} [Acta Arith. 84, No. 1, 31--41 (1998; Zbl 0903.11004)] and [\textit{R. K. Guy}, Unsolved problems in number theory. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag (2004; Zbl 1058.11001)]. The present paper gives significant solutions to still partially unsolved related problems, since it combines the methods developed by \textit{M. Z. Garaev, F. Luca} and \textit{I. E. Shparlinski} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 356, No. 12, 5089--5102 (2004; Zbl 1060.11046)], [Math. Z. 253, No. 4, 855--865 (2006; Zbl 1158.11035)], [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 113, No. 5, 851--865 (2006; Zbl 1101.11010)], thereby improving some results of theirs. As main achievement, the author removes the logarithmic factor of the bound \[ \{r,s\}\ll p^{13/2}\log^6 p \] by proving that for all sufficiently large primes \(p\) and every integer \(\lambda\) there exist positive integers \[ \{r,s\}\ll p^{13/2} \] such that \({b_r} \equiv \lambda \pmod p\) and \(\{c_s\} \equiv \lambda \pmod p\). In the proof the author employs classical tools like Catalan numbers, Weyl estimate, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality and, following the argument from \textit{M. Z. Garaev} [Acta Arith. 124, No. 1, 27--39 (2006; Zbl 1158.11002)], he establishes a suitable asymptotic formula for \(J_1\) in \(J={J_1}+O(N^{5+1/8})\).