Complex surfaces which are fibre bundles (Q1962100)

It is well known that a minimal compact complex surface \(S\) is ruled over a curve \(C\) of genus \(\geq 2\) if and only if \(\pi_1(S) \cong\pi_1(C)\) and \(\chi(S)=2 \chi(C)\). The author gives a similar characterisation for compact complex surfaces which admit holomorphic submersions onto complex curves of genus \(\geq 2\), and quotients of such surfaces by free actions of finite groups. More precisely, let \(S\) be a compact complex surface. Then \(S\) has a finite covering space which admits a holomorphic submersion onto a complex curve, with base and fibre of genus \(\geq 2\), if and only if \(\pi_1(S)\) has normal subgroups \(K<G\) such that \(K\) and \(G/K\) are fundamental groups of aspherical closed orientable 2-manifolds, \([\pi:G]<\infty\) and \([\pi:G] \chi(S)= \chi(K)\chi (G/K)>0\). As a consequence, he shows that, if \(S\) is a compact complex surface which is not simply-connected, and \(S\) is homotopy equivalent to a \(C^\infty\) 4-manifold which fibres over a compact orientable 2-manifold, then \(S\) is diffeomorphic to \(E\).