On the kernel of the equivariant Dirac operator (Q1962799)

Let \((M,g)\) be a compact Riemannian manifold with an isometric \(S^1\)-action, and let \(W\to M\) be an \(S^1\)-equivariant Dirac bundle with Dirac operator \(D\). Then \(\ker(D)\) splits into \(S^1\)-isotypical components \(\ker(D)_k\), on which \(z\in S^1\) acts as \(z^k\). The author gives bounds \(a^W\geq 0\), \(b^W\leq 0\) such that \(\ker(D)_k=0\) unless \(k\in[b^W,a^W]\). \(a^W\) and \(b^W\) are described as upper and lower bounds of the spectrum of an endomorphism of \(W\) constructed from the \(S^1\)-action. Similar estimates in the Kähler case are proved in [\textit{S. Wu} and \textit{W. Zhang}, Geom. Funct. Anal. 8, No. 1, 149-178 (1998; Zbl 0926.58006)]. The theorem stated above is first proved in the case that the Killing field \(\partial_\theta\) associated to the \(S^1\)-action is of constant length. In the general case, \(\partial_\theta\) is of constant length with respect to a new metric \(\widetilde g\) conformal to the original metric \(g\). If the \(S^1\)-action has a non-empty fixpoint set \(M^{S^1}\), then \(\widetilde g\) is a complete, conformally compact metric on \(M_0=M\setminus M^{S^1}\). The author constructs a new Dirac operator \(\widetilde D\) on \(W|_{M_0}\) such that the isotypic components \(\ker(\widetilde D)_k\) of the \(L_2\)-kernel of \(\widetilde D\) are isomorphic to \(\ker(D)_k\), and such that the vanishing arguments mentioned above generalize to \(\ker(\widetilde D)_k\).