Arithmetic families of smooth surfaces and equisingularity of embedded schemes (Q1963829)

This article presents a theory of equisingularity for families of \(0\)-dimensional sheaves of ideals on smooth algebraic surfaces in an arithmetic context. The value of this work is precisely this: It is pioneering in setting the formalisms in order that we may speak of equisingularity in the arithmetic case. It deals with families of \(0\)-dimensional schemes on regular surfaces, which is an interesting case to start with, since they appear both in the geometric theory of Enriques with the notion of proximity, and in the theory of Zariski of complete ideals in a \(2\)-dimensional regular local ring. As the authors say in the introduction, some of the results in the paper have been used by \textit{A. Nobile} and \textit{O. E. Villamayor} [Commun. Algebra 26, 2669-2688 (1998; Zbl 0938.14001)] to develop a theory analogous to Zariski's one for sheaves of ideals on an arithmetic \(3\)-fold. More precisely, the authors consider a Dedekind scheme \(T\) with the condition that, for all \(t \in T\), the residue field \(k(t)\) is a perfect field, and a smooth morphism \(\pi: X \rightarrow T\), where \(X\) is a \(3\)-dimensional scheme. By an arithmetic family of \(0\)-dimensional ideals on the fibers of \(X\) they mean a \(1\)-dimensional coherent sheaf of \({\mathcal O}_X\)-ideals \(I\) such that \(\pi\) induces a flat morphism \(V(I) \rightarrow T\), where \(V(I)\) is the subscheme defined by \(\sqrt I\). Then, at each point \(t \in T\), a geometric fiber of \(\pi\) at \(t\) is a smooth surface, and \(I\) induces a \(0\)-dimensional sheaf of ideals on it. The authors follow the notions appearing in a paper by \textit{J. J. Risler} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 101, 3-16 (1973; Zbl 0256.14006)] in the context of local analytic geometry. The first condition they introduce, called (a) in the paper and generalizing (a) in the paper by Risler cited above, is the following: The morphism \(V(I) \rightarrow T\) is étale, if we consider the blowing up \(X_1 \rightarrow X\) at \(V(I)\) and the proper transform \(I_1\) of \(I\), then \(V(I_1) \rightarrow T\) is étale, and so on. The authors prove that this is equivalent to say that, for all geometric points \(\overline t\), the ideals \(I_{\overline t}\) have the same associated forests with the same weights given by the orders of the propers transforms (this is called condition (b)). A third approach is to add the proximity relations to these weighted forests (called then condition (c)) and to relate it to the equisingularity of \(T\)-curves \(C\) belonging to \(I\): To have equivalence the curves need to be ``general enough''.