A note on the mean value of the zeta and \(L\)-functions. IX (Q1969173)

The author shows how to invert the explicit formula for the fourth power moment of the Riemann zeta-function, namely \[ {\mathcal Z}_2(g) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty |\zeta(\tfrac 12+ it)|^4 g(t) dt, \] where the weight \(g\) satisfies certain decay conditions. The explicit formula for \({\mathcal Z}_2(g)\) (see the author's monograph [Spectral theory of the Riemann zeta function, Cambridge University Press (1997; Zbl 0878.11001)] for an extensive and competent discussion) involves quantities from the spectral theory of the non-Euclidean Laplacian. The inversion problem reduces to finding \(g\) for a given \(h\) (satisfying appropriate conditions) such that \[ \Lambda(r;g) = \operatorname {Re}\left\{\left(1 + {i\over\text{sinh}(\pi r)}\right) h(r)\right\}, \] where \[ \Lambda(r;g) = \operatorname {Re}\Biggl\{\biggl(1 + {i\over\text{sinh}(\pi r)}\biggr) \int_0^\infty(y(1+y)^{-1/2}g_c\left(\log(1 + 1/y)\right) {\Gamma^2({1\over 2}+ir)\over\Gamma(1+2ir)}\times \] \[ \times F({\textstyle{1\over 2}} + ir, {\textstyle{1\over 2}} + ir; 1 + 2ir; -1/y)y^{-1/2-ir} dy\Biggr\} \] with \(F\) the hypergeometric function and \[ g_c(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty g(t)\cos(xt) dt \] the Fourier cosine transform. The solution to the problem is given, for \(\xi > 0\), via the formula \[ g_c(\xi) = {i\over 2\pi\text{sinh}({\xi\over 2})}\int_{-\infty}^\infty rh(r)P_{-{1\over 2}+ir}\left(\text{coth}{\xi\over 2}\right) dr,\tag{1} \] where \(P_\nu(z)\) is the Legendre function of order \(\nu\) of the first kind. From (1) one can recover \(g\) via the inverse Fourier cosine transform. A discussion involving the underlying geometrical structure of this problem is given, as well as the remark that the above inversion formula provides a structural instrument in understanding the reviewer's new bound (to appear in ``J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux'') \[ \sum_{K<\kappa_j\leq K+1}\alpha_j H_j^3({\textstyle{1\over 2}}) \ll_\varepsilon K^{1+\varepsilon}, \] with the standard notation (see op. cit.).