Bass numbers in the graded case, \(a\)-invariant formulas, and an analogue of Faltings' annihilator theorem (Q1969482)

The paper contains several significant results on graded modules over positively graded commutative Noetherian rings. Let \(R=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}R_n\) be a positively graded commutative Noetherian ring and \(M=\bigoplus_{n\in \mathbb Z}M_n\) be a finitely generated graded \(R\)-module. The author obtains a refinement of the theory of the Bass numbers of \(M\) with respect to an irrelevant prime ideal [\textit{H. Bass}, Math. Z. 82, 8-28 (1963; Zbl 0112.26604)]. His result uses a minimal \(^{*}\)injective resolution of \(M\) and the numbers \(\dim_{k_{R_0}({\mathfrak p}_0)}\Bigl(\Bigl(^*\text{Ext}_R(R/{\mathfrak p},M)\Bigr)_ {({\mathfrak p})}\Bigr)_t\) which correspond to the Bass numbers \(\mu^i({\mathfrak p},M)\). There are also introduced and studied the \(a^{*}\)-invariant of \(M\) and the asymptotic grade. Finally there is established an analogue of \textit{G. Faltings'} annihilator theorem [Arch. Math. 30, 473-476 (1978; Zbl 0368.14004)] for a positively graded homogeneous ring \(R\) and a non-zero finitely generated graded \(R\)-module. If \({\mathfrak c}_0\) is an ideal of \(R_0\), it is proved that \text{\(\inf\{\text{depth} M_{\mathfrak p} + \text{ht}({\mathfrak c}_0R+{\mathfrak p})/{\mathfrak p} : {\mathfrak p}\in\text{Proj}(R)\}\) }is equal to \(\text{grade}^*_M{\mathfrak c}_0\).