On the symbiotic Lotka-Volterra model with diffusion and transport effects (Q1969982)

The paper is concerned with the symbiotic Lotka-Volterra model \[ \mathcal{L}_{1} u = \lambda u - a(x)u^{2} + b(x)uv \text{ in } \Omega,\quad \mathcal{L}_{2} v = \mu v - d(x)v^{2} + c(x)uv \text{ in } \Omega,\quad u = v = 0 \;\text{ on } \partial \Omega \] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded and regular domain of \(\mathbb R^{n}\), \(\mathcal{L}_{1}\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{2}\) are two second order uniformly elliptic operators, \(a,b,c,d\) are continuous functions on \(\overline{\Omega}\) (moreover, \(a\) and \(d\) are strictly positive, and \(b\) and \(c\) are nontrivial and nonnegative) and \(\lambda, \mu \in \mathbb R\). This model includes general diffusivities and transport effects. Using different techniques such as local and global bifurcation theory, singularity theory and fixed point index in cones, the authors study the existence, stability and multiplicity of coexistence states. Moreover by generalizing some known results, they give some optimal non-existence and multiplicity result and they study the bifurcation equations of the previous problem at the special value of the parameters \((\lambda,\mu) = (\sigma_{1}(\mathcal{L}_{1}),\sigma_{1}(\mathcal{L}_{2})),\) where \(\sigma_{1}(\mathcal{L}_{i})\) is the principal eigenvalue of \(\mathcal{L}_{i}\) in \(\Omega\) under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. This study is then used to explain some behaviors related to the dynamics of the model.