On matrices with cyclic structure (Q1970450)

The relations between several necessary conditions for a square complex matrix \(A\) to be \(m\)-cyclic are examined. These conditions are known to be equivalent if \(A\) is an irreducible nonnegative matrix whose index of imprimitivity is \(m\). In particular, if the digraph of \(A\) contains at least one cycle with nonzero signed length, then two conditions which are each equivalent to the \(m\)-cyclicity of \(A\) are given. The investigation also leads to a new conceptual proof for the second part of the Frobenius theorem on an irreducible nonnegative matrix. The connection between the \(m\)-cyclicity of a square complex matrix and that of its associated collection of elementary Jordan blocks is studied in the second half of the paper.