Critical sets and properties of endomorphisms built by coupling of two identical quadratic mappings (Q1972795)

The paper under review is concerned with the real dynamical systems of two-dimensional mappings constructed by coupling two one-dimensional real quadratic mappings. After manipulation, the author only deals with the following type of mappings: \[ F:(x,y)\to (-(1-2\varepsilon)xy, -(x^2+y^2)/2+ a(a-2)/2). \] He shows that the critical set \(K\) is \(\{(x,y): x=y\}\cup \{(x,y): x=-y\}\), after his papers: Critical sets and unimodal mappings of the square, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, Ross. Akad. Nauk 341, No. 4, 442-445 (1995; Zbl 0908.58014); Mat. Zametki 5, 669-680 (1995; Zbl 0867.58006). He calculates \(F(K)\), \(F(\mathbb{R}^2)\), see Lemma 1. Let \(X_- Y_+ X_+ Y_-\) be a rhombus with its vertices \(Y_\pm= (0,\pm \frac{a(a-2)}{2})\), \(X_\pm= (\pm(1-2\varepsilon) \frac{a(a-2)}{2},0)\). For a large trapping region, he shows the following theorem: Theorem 1. For any \(\varepsilon\in (0,1/2)\) and \(a\in (2,4)\), there is an open neighborhood \(U\subset X_- Y_+ X_+ Y_-\) such that \(F(CL(U))\subset U\). In Section 2, he shows three theorems: Let \(\Lambda= \bigcap_{j=0}^\infty F^j(X_- Y_+ X_+ Y_-)\), \(\widehat{\Lambda}= \Lambda\cap Y_- Y_+\) and \(\widehat{F}\) the restriction of \(F\) to the \(y\)-axis. Theorem 2. There is the set \(\widetilde{\Lambda} \subset (2,4)\) of positive Lebesgue measure such that for all \(a\in\widetilde\Lambda\), there is \(\varepsilon_a\) such that for all \(\varepsilon\in (0,\varepsilon_a)\), the mapping \(F\) has two positive Lyapunov exponents at the point \((0, \frac{a(a-2)}{2})\) whose orbit is dense on \(\widehat{\Lambda}\). Theorem 3. If \(a\), \(\varepsilon_a\) are given above, then, for any \(0< \varepsilon< \varepsilon_a\), the mapping \(F\) has the chaos in the sense of Li and Yorke such that the area of chaotic motion does not coincide with \(\widehat{\Lambda}\). Theorem 4. If \(a> 1+\sqrt{5}\) is such that \(\widehat{F}\) is topologically mixed on \(\widehat{F} (\overline{Y}_+) Y_+\), then \(\widehat{\Lambda}\) is not isolated in the set of nonwandering points of \(F\). In Section 3, he gives a trapping subregion of a large trapping region, see Theorem 5. In the Appendix, results of a numerical investigation on the existence of a couple of bifurcation cascades are given.