Differential equations of order two with one singular point (Q1974707)

The author's goal is to describe the set of polynomials \(r\in C[x]\) such that the linear differential equation \(y''=ry\) has Liouvillian solutions, where \(C\) is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. It is known that the differential equation has Liouvillian solutions only if the degree of \(r\) is even. Using differential Galois theory he shows that the set of such polynomials of degree \(2n\) can be represented by a countable set of algebraic varieties of dimension \(n+1\). Some properties of those algebraic varieties are proved. The author handles the problem using categorical language in order to define required objects more properly, but also to consider their smoothness and irreducibility efficiently.