The horizontal distribution of zeros of \(\zeta'(s)\) (Q1974773)

The paper deals with the horizontal distribution of zeros of \(\zeta'(s)\), where \(\zeta(s)\) is the Riemann zeta-function. The main result is the following: Let \(k \in \mathbb N\) and let \(C(k) = 20k\log k + C\) for some large, positive constant \(C\). For large \(T\) either the region \(\{s = \sigma + it: 0 < \sigma < 1\), \(T\leq t \leq 2T\}\) contains \(\gg k^{-2}T(\log T)^ {-2/(2k-1)}\) violations to the Riemann hypothesis (that all complex zeros of \(\zeta(s)\) satisfy \(\text{Re} s = {1\over 2}\)), or the region \(\{s = \sigma + it: \sigma \leq {1\over 2} + C(k)/\log T\), \(T\leq t \leq 2T\}\) contains \(\gg k^{-6}T\log T\) zeros of \(\zeta'(s)\). The basic idea of proof is to use the function \[ F(s) := {1\over 2\pi i\log x} \int_{2-i\infty}^{2-i\infty} -{\zeta'(s+w)\over\zeta(s+w)}\cdot{x^{2w} - x^w\over w^2} dw, \] where \(x = T^{1/(5k)}\). On one hand, \(F(s)\) equals a weighted sum of \(p^{-s}\), \(p\) prime, while on the other hand for \(s = \rho_1\) \((\not = \rho)\) (by the residue theorem) it admits the representation \[ F(\rho_1) = {1\over\log x}\sum_\rho{x^{\rho-\rho_1}-x^{2\rho-2\rho_1} \over(\rho-\rho_1)^2} + O\left({1\over T}\right), \] where \(\rho\) and \(\rho_1\) denote complex zeros of \(\zeta(s)\) and \(\zeta'(s)\), respectively. One can obtain, by using various techniques depending on the location of the zeros \(\rho\) and \(\rho_1\), upper and lower bounds for \[ \sum_{T\leq \text{Im} \rho_1 \leq 2T}|\text{Re} F(\rho_1)|, \] from which the author deduces his results. The author clearly explains why it is more expedient to work with \(|\text{Re} F(\rho_1)|\) than directly with \(|F(\rho_1)|\). Two conjectures involving the horizontal distribution of zeros of \(\zeta'(s)\) are presented and extensively discussed.