Extremal manifolds and Hausdorff dimension (Q1976047)

Let \(U\) be an open set in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) where \(m\leq n\). \textit{V. G. Sprindzhuk} conjectured that if the functions \(\theta_j: U\to \mathbb{R}\), \(j= 1,\dots, n\), are analytic and together with 1, independent over \(\mathbb{R}\), then the manifold \[ \{[\theta_1(u),\dots, \theta_n(u)]: u\in U\}= \theta(U) \subset \mathbb{R}^n \] is extremal. Manifolds satisfying a variety of additional or different analytic, geometric and number-theoretic conditions have been shown to be extremal [for reference, see \textit{V. G. Sprindzhuk}, Russ. Math. Surv. 35, No. 4, 1-80 (1980); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 35, No. 4, 3-68 (1980; Zbl 0438.10024)]. In the stronger Baker-Sprindzhuk conjecture, the hypotheses on the manifold are the same but the approximation function is replaced by a larger anisotropic function. The conjecture was first proposed by A. Baker for the rational normal curve and proved for this case by V. I. Bernik in 1984. J. Kubilius proved the parabola extremal in 1949 and in 1964 W. M. Schmidt established the result that any \(C^3\) planar curve with non-zero curvature almost everywhere is extremal. Recently, \textit{D. Y. Kleinbock} and \textit{G. A. Margulis} [Ann. Math. (2) 148, 339-360 (1998; Zbl 0922.11061)] have proved a result that implies not only Sprindzhuk's conjecture but also the Baker-Sprindzhuk conjecture. It means that the set \(L_v(M)\) of \(v\)-approximate points on a smooth nondegenerate manifold \(M\) is of zero induced Lebesgue measure. Bounds and indeed exact dimensions for manifolds satisfying a variety of conditions are known due to Baker, Schmidt, Bernik and others. In this paper ubiquity is used to obtain the best lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of a set more general than \(L_v(M)\) for any \(C^1\) extremal manifold \(M\). Volume estimates that depend on curvature conditions are used here. However, extremality combined with Fatou's lemma is all that is needed.