Axially symmetric cosmological models with perfect fluid and cosmological constant (Q1976356)

Following recent considerations of a non-zero value for vacuum energy density and taking into account that a simple Kantowski-Sachs model can fit classical tests of cosmology, the authors study qualitative behavior of three anisotropic homogeneous models: Kantowski-Sachs, Bianchi I and Bianchi III universes, with dust and cosmological constant, in order to find out which are physically admissible. In fact, these models undergo isotropization (except for the Kantowski-Sachs model \((\Omega_{k_{0}}>0)\) with \(\Omega_{\Lambda_{0}}< \Omega_{\Lambda_{M}}\) and for the Bianchi III model \((\Omega_{k_{0}}<0)\) with \(\Omega_{\Lambda_{0}}<\Omega_{\Lambda_{M}})\), and the observations are unable to distinguish between these models and the standard model. If one imposes that the Universe should be very isotropic since the last scattering epoch (\(z\) is approximately 1000), meaning that the Universe should have approximately the same Hubble parameter in all directions, one obtains the matter density parameter very close to the unity at the present time.