The global dynamic behavior of the competition model of three species (Q1977779)

The competition Lotka-Volterra (LV) model \[ \dot{x}_i=x_i(1-x_i-\alpha_ix_{i+1}-\beta_ix_{i+2}),\quad x_i(0)>0,\;\alpha_i>0,\;\beta_i>0,\;i=1,2,3,\tag{1} \] with \(x_4=x_1,\;x_5=x_2\) is investigated. By a diffeomorphism from \(\mathbb{R}^3-\{O\}\) to \(\mathbb{R}^3-\{O\}\): \(u=\frac{x}{\|x\|}\), the authors decompose the dynamic behavior of the LV model (1) into the dynamic behavior of two-dimensional manifolds, and completely analyse the global asymptotic behavior of (1). They obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of the positive equilibrium \(E_7\) and the global asymptotical stability of \(E_7\). They also give sufficient and necessary conditions for the LV model (1) having a family of limit cycle solutions and a heteroclinic cycle, both of which are the \(\omega\)-limit set of some other trajectories to LV model (1). In the theorem 2.1, it is said that if \(\alpha_i>0,\;\beta_i>0,\;\alpha_i\neq 1,\;\beta_i\neq 1,\) then model (1) has a positive equilibrium \(E_7=(\frac{D_1}{D},\frac{D_2}{D},\frac{D_3}{D})\) if and only if one of the following 46 conditions holds: (1) \(\alpha_1,\beta_1,\alpha_2,\beta_2,\alpha_3,\beta_3<1\); (2) \(\alpha_1>1,\beta_1,\alpha_2,\beta_2,\alpha_3,\beta_3<1\); (3) \(\alpha_2>1,\beta_1,\alpha_1,\beta_2,\alpha_3,\beta_3<1\); (4) \(\alpha_3>1,\beta_1,\alpha_1,\beta_2,\alpha_2,\beta_3<1; \dots\); (46) \(\alpha_1,\beta_1,\alpha_2,\beta_2,\alpha_3,\beta_3>1\); with \(D_1=A_2(A_1-B_3)+B_1B_3\), \(D_2=A_3(A_2-B_1)+B_2B_1\), \(D_3=A_1(A_3-B_2)+B_3B_2\), \(D=D_i+\alpha_iD_{i+1}+\beta_iD_{i+2}\), \(A_i=1-\alpha_i\), \(B_i=1-\beta_i\), \(i=1,2,3\). The reviewer found that if \(A_1>B_3>0\), \(B_1>A_2>0\), \(B_2>0\), \(A_3<0\), \(0<B_3\ll 1\) (\(B_3\) is small enough), then the condition (4) is true. But we have \(D_1>0\), \(D_2>0\), \(D_3<0\). Suppose that \(D>0\), then \(E_7\) is not a positive equilibrium.