Formal fibers at height one prime ideals (Q1977899)

Let \(A\) be a local Noetherian domain. Call \(\widehat A\) its completion with respect to the maximal ideal. The formal fibers of \(A\) are the fibers of the natural map \(\text{Spec}(A)\to \text{Spec}(\widehat A)\). Call \(\alpha(A,Q)\) the dimension of the formal fiber at the prime \(Q\) and \(\alpha(A)\) the dimension of the fiber at \((0)\), which is also the maximal dimension. Matsumura and Rotthaus showed that for any \(d\geq 2\) and \(0\leq t\leq d\), then one can find \(A\) such that \(\dim(A)=d\) and \(\alpha(A)=t\). So the dimension of the generic formal fiber and \(\dim(A)\) are in fact independent. The author shows that inside a complete local UFD \((T,M)\) of dimension \(d\geq 2\), such that the residue field \(T/M\) has cardinality greater or equal than the real numbers, taking prime ideals \(P,Q\subset T\) with \(\text{ht}(P)+1\geq \text{ht}(Q)\), then under some natural hypothesis on \(P,Q\), one can construct a subring \(A\) such that \(\widehat A= T\), \(\alpha(A)= \text{ht}(P)\) and \(\alpha(A,Q\cap A)= \text{ht}(Q)-1\). It follows that one can find examples of formal fibers whose dimension is quite independent from the dimension of the generic one. The author uses the result to construct nontrivial examples of local rings \(A\) such that \(\alpha(A)=\alpha(A/P)\) for infinitely many prime ideals \(P\subset A\) of height \(1\).