On Fano threefolds with semi-free \(\mathbb{C}^{\ast}\)-actions. I (Q1983164)

The smooth projective surfaces with \(\mathbb{C}^*\)-actions are completely classified in [\textit{P. Orlik} and \textit{P. Wagreich}, Acta Math. 138, 43--81 (1977; Zbl 0352.14016)]. This paper under review pursues furthermore in this direction to study Fano threefolds with \(\mathbb{C}^*\)-actions. Let \(X\) be a projective manifold. Then \(X\) is called \textit{Fano} if the anti-canonical divisor \(-K_X\) is ample. The smooth Fano threefolds are classified by Iskovskikh, Mori and Mukai. Let \(G\) be an algebraic group acting on a projective manifold \(X\). Then the action is called \textit{effective} if \(gx=x\) for all \(x\in X\) then \(g=1\). The action is called \textit{semi-free} if it is free outside fixed point sets \(X^G\). For an effective and semi-free \(\mathbb{C}^*\)-action on a smooth Fano threefold \(X\), using the moment map associted to the natural \(S^1\)-action, the fixed points in \(X^{\mathbb{C}^*}\) can be divided into different types, see Section 3 of the paper the precise definitions. The main theorem of this paper under review is as following: Theorem 1.1. Let \(X\) be a smooth Fano threefold with an effective and semi-free \(\mathbb{C^*}\)-action such that the fixed points set \(X^{\mathbb{C}^*}\) has no interior isolated fixed points. Then the possibilities of \(X\) are obtained if \(X^{\mathbb{C}^*}\) has either two connected components or three connected components (see Table 5 and Table 6 in the paper). The proof of the theorem goes as follows. Firstly we can read Hodge numbers from the types of fixed points data. Next applying the holomorphic Lefschetz fixed point formula and Atiyah-Bott-Berline-Vergne localisation theorem derives more global numerical invariants from its local fixed point data. Then using the classification obtained by Iskovskikh, Mori and Mukai, one get the possibilities of \(X\) and finally the authors studied them case by case.