Dense images of the power maps for a disconnected real algebraic group (Q1983951)

Let \(G\) be a complex algebraic group defined over \(\mathbb{R}\), not necessarily Zariski-connected. Let \(A\) be a subgroup of \(G\) such that \(G(\mathbb{R})^* \subset A \subset G(\mathbb{R})\) where \(G(\mathbb{R})^*\) is the connected component of the identity of \(G(\mathbb{R})\) in real topology. Let \(S(A)\) be the set of semisimple elements of \(A\) and define the \(k\)th power map by \[ P_k: G \to G, \quad P_k(g) =g^k. \] The author extends \textit{P. Chatterjee}'s results on the surjectivity of the power map [Math. Z. 269, No. 1--2, 221--233 (2011; Zbl 1237.20040)] to show that the following are equivalent. \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(P_k(A)\) is dense in \(A\). \item[2.] \(k\) and the order of \(A / G(\mathbb{R})^*\) are co-prime and \(P_k(G(\mathbb{R})^*)\) is dense. \item[3.] \(k\) and the order of \(A / G(\mathbb{R})^*\) are co-prime and \(P_k: S(G(\mathbb{R})^*) \to S(G(\mathbb{R})^*)\) is surjective. \item[4.] \(P_k: S(A) \to S(A)\) is surjective. \end{itemize} The author also gives its consequence with applications.