Sectional-hyperbolic Lyapunov stable sets (Q1988298)

Let \(M\) be a compact Riemannian manifold, \(X\) be a vector field on \(M\), \(X_t\) be the corresponding flow on \(M\), \(M(X)=\cap_{t\geq0}X_t(M)\) be the maximal invairant set of \(X\). A compact invariant set \(\Lambda\subset M(X)\) is sectional-hyperbolic if every singularity in \(\Lambda\) is hyperbolic and there are a continuous \(DX_t\)-invariant splitting of the tangent bundle \(T_{\Lambda}M=F^s_{\Lambda}\oplus F^c_{\Lambda}\) and positive constants \(K\), \(\lambda\) such that for every \(x\in\Lambda\) and \(t\geq0\) there holds: \textbf{(i)} \(\|DX_t(x)v^s_x\|\leq Ke^{-\lambda t}\|v^s_x\|\) \(\forall v^s_x\in F^s_x\); \textbf{(ii)} \(\|DX_t(x)v^s_x\|\cdot\|v^c_x\|\leq Ke^{-\lambda t}\|DX_t(x)v^c_x\|\cdot\|v^s_x\|\) \(\forall v^s_x\in F^s_x\), \(\forall v^c_x\in F^c_x\); \textbf{(iii)} \(\|DX_t(x)u^c_x,DX_t(x)v^c_x\|_{X_t(x)}\geq K^{-1}e^{\lambda t}\|u^c_x,v^c_x\|_x\), \(\forall u^c_x,v^c_x\in F^c_x\), where \(\|\cdot,\cdot\|_x\) is the induced \(2\)-norm by the Riemannian metrics \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle_x\) of \(T_x\Lambda\) given by \(\|v_x,u_x\|_x=\sqrt{\langle v_x,v_x\rangle_x\cdot\langle u_x,u_x\rangle_x-\langle v_x,u_x\rangle^2_x}\). The third condition guarantees the exponential increase of the area of parallelograms in the central subbundle \(F^c\). If \(\dim(F^c_x)=2\), then \(\Lambda\) is a sectional-hyperbolic set of codimension \(1\). The homoclinic class is the intersection of the stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic periodic points. Every singularity in a sectional-hyperbolic set is hyperbolic if the dimension of the strong stable manifold of the singularity is equal to the dimension of the stable manifold of the singularity plus one. The singularity is called Lorentz-like. The authors prove that every codimension-one sectional-hyperbolic transitive Lyapunov stable set of a vector field \(X\) over a compact manifold, with a unique Lorentz-like singularity of boundary-type, is an attractor.